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International Relations of the Asia-Pacific Advance Access originally published online on December 25, 2008
International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 2009 9(2):267-294; doi:10.1093/irap/lcn029
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© The author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press in association with the Japan Association of International Relations; all rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Ocean frontier expansion and the Kalayaan Islands Group claim: Philippines' postwar pragmatism in the South China Sea

Ulises Granados

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Building 18, 809 Tokyo, Japan
Email: ugqxiaohu{at}yahoo.com; granados{at}ask.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp

In 1946, the Philippines raised claims in the South China Sea over an area already known as Spratly Islands. This claim advanced through peculiar stages, starting when Thomas Cloma allegedly discovered islands in 1946, later named as Freedomland, and maturing to some extent in 1978 by the government's claim over the so-called Kalayaan Island Group. Considered as an oceanic expansion of its frontiers, this paper reviews the basis of the claim, first over the nature of Cloma's activities, and secondly over the measures the Philippine government took as a reaction of Cloma's claim of discovery of an area already known in western cartography as the Spratlys. Eventually, what is the nature of the link between the 1978 Kalayaan Islands Group's official claim and 1956 Cloma's private one?

Received for publication October 15, 2007. Accepted for publication November 26, 2008.


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